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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
09:09

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

Published on: April 18, 2016

Dendritic cell-induced memory T cell activation in nonlymphoid tissues.

Linda M Wakim1, Jason Waithman, Nico van Rooijen

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Memory T cell responses can be initiated in peripheral tissues, not just lymph nodes. This involves CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells, enabling localized control of infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Secondary lymphoid organs are primary sites for T cell activation.
  • Peripheral tissues were traditionally considered solely for effector T cell functions.
  • The role of peripheral tissues in initiating new T cell immunity was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for T cell reactivation and immune response induction within peripheral tissues.
  • To examine the mechanisms of memory CD8+ T cell stimulation during secondary herpes simplex virus challenge in non-lymphoid compartments.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a method for herpes simplex virus reactivation in situ.
  • Analyzed the interactions between tissue-resident T cells, CD4+ T cells, and dendritic cells.
  • Studied memory CD8+ T cell responses in peripheral tissues.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that memory CD8+ T cell responses can be initiated within peripheral tissues.
  • Identified a tripartite interaction involving CD4+ T cells and recruited dendritic cells as crucial for this reactivation.
  • Showcased a mechanism for renewed T cell immunity outside of traditional lymphoid organs.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral tissues possess sophisticated mechanisms for initiating T cell responses.
  • This extra-lymphoid T cell activation contributes to controlling localized infections.
  • Challenges the traditional view of peripheral tissues as solely effector sites.