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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

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Interaction between fiber modes and surface plasmon waves: spectral properties.

J I Homola, R Slavík, J I Tyroký

|January 12, 2008

Summary

This study explores optical fiber and surface plasmon wave interactions. Changing the refractive index of the superstrate shifts the wavelength dip, enabling tunable optical sensors.

Area of Science:

Photonics and optical sensing
Condensed matter physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves confined to the interface between a conductor and a dielectric.
Optical fibers provide a robust platform for guiding light, enabling miniaturized sensing applications.
The interaction between guided modes in optical fibers and SPPs offers a pathway for novel sensing mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To theoretically and experimentally investigate the interaction between guided modes of a single-mode optical fiber and surface plasmon waves.
To demonstrate the tunability of this interaction by controlling the refractive index of the superstrate.
To analyze the spectral shift of the transmitted optical power dip as an indicator of refractive index changes.

Main Methods:

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Theoretical modeling using the mode expansion and propagation method.
Fabrication of a sensing structure comprising a single-mode optical fiber with locally removed cladding and a thin gold overlayer.
Experimental measurement of the transmitted optical power spectrum under varying superstrate refractive indices.

Main Results:

The interaction manifests as a dip in the transmitted optical power spectrum within a narrow wavelength range.
The position of this spectral dip is controllable by altering the refractive index of the superstrate.
A 2x10⁻³ change in the superstrate's refractive index resulted in a spectral dip shift of approximately 10 nm.

Conclusions:

The study confirms the feasibility of utilizing the interaction between optical fiber guided modes and surface plasmon waves for sensing.
The demonstrated tunability of the spectral dip position highlights the potential for developing sensitive and adjustable refractive index sensors.
The experimental results validate the theoretical predictions, paving the way for practical applications in optical sensing.