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High-order harmonics from solid targets as a probe for high-density plasmas.

R Hässner, W Theobald, S Niedermeier

    Optics Letters
    |January 12, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High-intensity laser pulses compressed plasma to extreme densities. This study observed high harmonics, revealing electron densities up to 1 x 10^24 cm^-3 due to the laser's ponderomotive force.

    Area of Science:

    • Plasma Physics
    • Laser-Plasma Interactions
    • High-Intensity Lasers

    Background:

    • Understanding plasma behavior under extreme conditions is crucial for fusion energy and astrophysics.
    • Femtosecond lasers enable probing of transient, dense plasma states.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally investigate the interaction of ultrashort, high-intensity laser pulses with thin foil targets.
    • To characterize the resulting plasma dynamics and infer electron densities.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized 100-femtosecond (fs) Ti:sapphire laser pulses at intensities > 10^18 W/cm^2.
    • Experimentally observed high harmonic generation in transmission through an overdense plasma.
    • Analyzed the cutoff frequency of the generated harmonics.

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    Main Results:

    • Observed high harmonics transmitted through the overdense plasma in the direction of the incident laser beam.
    • Inferred an electron density of 1 x 10^24 cm^-3 from the harmonic cutoff frequency.
    • Demonstrated plasma compression driven by the laser pulse's ponderomotive force.

    Conclusions:

    • The ponderomotive force of intense femtosecond laser pulses can significantly compress plasma to ultra-high densities.
    • High harmonic generation serves as a diagnostic tool for probing dense plasmas created by lasers.