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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Near-field optical microscope with a multiheight scanning imaging mode.

H Hatano, Y Inouye, S Kawata

    Optics Letters
    |January 12, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel near-field scanning optical microscope was developed. Its optical imaging capabilities demonstrate a strong dependence on the gap distance between the probe and sample, crucial for high-resolution microscopy.

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    Published on: December 1, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Scanning Probe Microscopy
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) offers nanoscale optical resolution.
    • Controlling probe-sample distance is critical for NSOM stability and image quality.
    • Existing NSOM systems face challenges in precise gap distance regulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) with precise gap distance control.
    • To investigate the influence of varying probe-sample gap distances on NSOM imaging.
    • To characterize the imaging performance of the developed NSOM system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an apertureless metallic probe for near-field optical imaging.
    • Implemented a feedback loop regulating tunneling-electron current for probe positioning.
    • Employed computer-generated bias voltage for fine control of the probe-sample gap.
    • Acquired multiple images at gap distances ranging from 0 to 500 nm.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated successful near-field optical imaging across a range of gap distances (0-500 nm).
    • Observed a strong correlation between the near-field image and the probe-sample gap distance.
    • Analyzed spatial-frequency spectra to reveal imaging characteristics and resolution limits.
    • Validated the effectiveness of the tunneling-electron current regulation for stable imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed NSOM system provides controllable near-field optical imaging.
    • Probe-sample gap distance is a critical parameter significantly affecting image formation in NSOM.
    • The study provides insights into NSOM imaging characteristics and potential for future advancements.