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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

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Isolation of syncytiotrophoblast microvesicles and exosomes and their characterisation by multicolour flow cytometry and fluorescence Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
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Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Circulating microparticles in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.

C W G Redman1, I L Sargent

  • 1Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. christopher.Redman@obs-gyn.ox.ac.uk

Placenta
|January 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular microparticles (MPs) and exosomes are found in circulation. During pregnancy, MPs increase, particularly with pre-eclampsia, potentially contributing to inflammation, while exosomes may have inhibitory effects.

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The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
05:31

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Published on: January 26, 2024

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
12:17

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

Published on: August 2, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Cellular particles, including microparticles (MPs) and exosomes, are present in circulation.
  • MPs are shed during cell activation/necrosis, while exosomes are endocytic vesicles.
  • Both particle types are found in non-pregnant and pregnant women's circulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and changes of microparticles and exosomes during normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.
  • To understand the contribution of syncytiotrophoblast-derived microparticles (STBMs) to systemic inflammation.
  • To explore the immunomodulatory potential of trophoblast-derived exosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Detection and quantification of MPs and exosomes in maternal circulation.
  • Analysis of particle origins, including syncytiotrophoblast-derived MPs (STBMs).
  • In vitro studies on the interaction of STBMs and exosomes with immune and endothelial cells.

Main Results:

  • MPs are elevated in systemic inflammation (sepsis, metabolic syndrome) and increase during normal pregnancy, further rising in pre-eclampsia.
  • STBMs are a significant component of pregnancy-associated MPs and interact with immune and endothelial cells.
  • Trophoblast-derived exosomes exhibit inhibitory activity on T cell function in vitro, mirroring ex vivo observations in normal pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating MPs and exosomes play roles in pregnancy physiology and pathology.
  • STBMs may contribute to systemic inflammation in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.
  • Trophoblast-derived exosomes possess immunomodulatory properties that could influence maternal immune tolerance during pregnancy.