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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Assessment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Reserve and Intracellular Diastolic Calcium Removal in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

Assessment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Reserve and Intracellular Diastolic Calcium Removal in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

Published on: September 18, 2017

Calcium and cardiomyopathies.

E G Kranias¹, D M Bers

¹Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine,University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA. Litsa.kranias@uc.edu

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry

|January 16, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins regulate cardiac calcium (Ca) cycling, essential for heart function. Genetic variants in these proteins are linked to heart failure and arrhythmias.

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Assessment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Reserve and Intracellular Diastolic Calcium Removal in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

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Published on: September 18, 2017

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Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

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Published on: August 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling relies on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca) cycling.
Dysfunctional Ca cycling in the SR network characterizes cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Key SR Ca-handling proteins include SERCA, phospholamban (PLN), calsequestrin, and the ryanodine receptor (RyR).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the critical role of SR Ca-cycling proteins in cardiac health and disease.
To highlight recent findings on genetic modifiers of SR Ca-cycling proteins.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on SR Ca-cycling proteins.
Focus on genetic variants and their impact on cardiomyopathies.
Analysis of protein function in cardiac relaxation, Ca-load, and Ca-release.

Main Results:

Altered levels or activity of SERCA, PLN, calsequestrin, and RyR are observed in cardiomyopathies.
These alterations correlate with impaired cardiac function and remodeling.
Genetic variations in SR Ca-cycling proteins can predispose individuals to heart failure and arrhythmias.

Conclusions:

SR Ca-cycling proteins are pivotal in maintaining cardiac function.
Dysregulation and genetic variants of these proteins are implicated in heart disease pathogenesis.
Understanding these proteins and their genetic modifiers is crucial for diagnosing and treating cardiomyopathies.