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Higher order visual processing in macaque extrastriate cortex.

Guy A Orban1

  • 1Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, K. U. Leuven Medical School, Leuven, Belgium. guy.orban@med.kuleuven.be

Physiological Reviews
|January 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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The extrastriate cortex processes complex visual information using specialized neuronal populations. Understanding these selectivities is key to deciphering visual processing in areas like V5 and the infero-temporal area.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Primate visual cortex research
  • Cortical processing

Background:

  • The extrastriate cortex is crucial for higher-order visual processing in primates.
  • Understanding neuronal selectivities is fundamental to mapping visual functions.
  • Existing research identifies selectivities for various visual features in specific extrastriate areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the selectivities of neuronal populations in the primate extrastriate cortex.
  • To detail the diverse visual representations supported by these selectivities.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying emergent neuronal selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of known neuronal selectivities in extrastriate areas.
  • Identification of specific visual features processed (e.g., direction, speed, curvature, disparity).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of proposed mechanisms for generating selectivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified selectivities include pattern direction/speed gradients (MT/V5), heading (MSTd), contour orientation (V2, V4), and shape/curvature (V4, IT, CIP).
    • These selectivities support diverse representations of visual scenes.
    • Excitatory/inhibitory inputs and nonlinear mechanisms are common putative mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • The extrastriate cortex exhibits specialized neuronal selectivities for complex visual attributes.
    • These selectivities are crucial for constructing rich visual representations.
    • Understanding input-output relationships and nonlinearities is key to explaining emergent selectivity.