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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics01:20

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Chronodisruption: Origin, Roots, and Developments of an 18-Year-Old Concept. Comment on Desmet et al. Time-Restricted Feeding in Mice Prevents the Disruption of the Peripheral Circadian Clocks and Its Metabolic Impact during Chronic Jetlag. <i>Nutrients</i> 2021, <i>13</i>, 3846.

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In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
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Chronodisruption and cancer.

Thomas C Erren1, H Gerd Pape, Russel J Reiter

  • 1School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. tim.erren@uni-koeln.de

Die Naturwissenschaften
|January 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Chronodisruption (CD), a disturbance in the body's natural rhythms, may contribute to cancer growth. Epidemiological studies suggest increased breast and prostate cancer risks for shift workers and flight personnel exposed to CD.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Cancer Epidemiology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Chronodisruption (CD) disrupts physiological and behavioral rhythms.
  • Emerging research links CD to cancer development and progression in animal models.
  • Epidemiological data suggest potential associations between CD and human cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on the role of chronodisruption in cancer.
  • To evaluate epidemiological findings on cancer risks in shift workers and flight personnel.
  • To identify future research needs for understanding CD and cancer links.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 30 epidemiological studies on shift work, flight travel, and cancer.
  • Synthesis of experimental data on CD and cancer in animal models.

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  • Assessment of study homogeneity and potential confounding factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Animal studies indicate CD can promote cancer growth and tumor progression.
    • Meta-analyses suggest increased breast cancer risk (70% for flight personnel, 40% for shift workers) and prostate cancer risk (40% for flight personnel, 20% for male shift workers) associated with CD.
    • Homogeneity observed across studies, but concerns remain regarding CD assessment validity and covariate control.

    Conclusions:

    • While animal data and epidemiological trends suggest a link, definitive conclusions about CD causing human cancer are premature.
    • Further rigorous epidemiological studies are needed, controlling for covariates and detailing exposure specifics.
    • Future research should focus on biologically plausible mechanisms linking CD to various human cancers.