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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Neurologic dysfunction in hypothyroid, hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers.

Christina L Vitale1, Natasha J Olby

  • 1University of Missouri, Columbia Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27592, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|January 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Canine hypothyroidism can cause severe hyperlipidemia, leading to neurologic signs like paralysis and vestibular dysfunction. Treatment with thyroid hormone supplementation improved all affected dogs, suggesting a link between thyroid health and neurological function.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is linked to neurologic signs, but mechanisms are unclear.
  • Hypothyroidism is also associated with hyperlipidemia, increasing atherosclerosis and thromboembolic risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize neurologic signs associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in hypothyroid dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records of dogs with neurologic signs, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia.
  • Compiled data included history, clinical signs, blood tests, CSF analysis, imaging, and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Four Labrador Retrievers with severe hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism presented with neurologic deficits (tetraparesis, vestibular signs, facial paralysis, paraparesis).
  • Two dogs experienced acute signs consistent with infarcts; one confirmed by MRI. Two dogs had chronic signs including cranial neuropathies and paraparesis, with one showing iliac thrombosis and atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Labrador Retrievers may be predisposed to severe hyperlipidemia with hypothyroidism.
  • Neurologic signs in these dogs may result from atherosclerosis and thromboembolic events secondary to hyperlipidemia.