Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes
Published on: April 1, 2013
Chemistry of naphthalene diimides
Sheshanath V Bhosale1, Chintan H Jani, Steven J Langford
1School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract:
This tutorial review surveys recent developments in the chemistry of naphthalene diimides (NDIs) and explores their application in the fields of material and supramolecular science. It begins with a discussion of their general uses, methods of syntheses and their electronic and spectroscopic properties. Of interest to their application in the fields of conducting thin films and molecular sensors is the structure-function relationships that exist either as co-components of supramolecular ensembles as in the case of "nanotubes", or as the sole components in molecular wires. Also discussed are advances in NDI research within the areas of energy and electron transfer (covalent and non-covalent systems) and in host-guest chemistry including foldamer, mechanically-interlocked and ligand-gated ion channel examples. Finally, we explore the developments in the recent field of core-substituted NDIs, their photophysical properties and applications in artificial photosynthesis. We conclude with our views on the prospects of NDIs for future research endeavours.
Related Concept Videos
Preparation of Nitriles
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules
Structure of Conjugated Dienes
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable, the...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...

