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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
09:40

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Published on: February 14, 2014

Fiber-optic spark delivery for gas-phase laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Cosmin Dumitrescu1, Paulius Puzinauskas, Semih Olcmen

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0286, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|January 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers report the first gas-phase laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements using a fiber-optic spark delivery. This novel method quantifies fuel-to-air ratios in methane-air mixtures, showing comparable results to traditional techniques.

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Direct Analysis of Single Cells by Mass Spectrometry at Atmospheric Pressure
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Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful analytical technique.
  • Traditional LIBS often requires direct laser focusing onto the sample.
  • Gas-phase analysis, especially in lean mixtures, presents unique challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of gas-phase LIBS using a fiber-optically delivered spark.
  • To quantify relative fuel-to-air ratios in ultra-lean methane-air mixtures.
  • To compare this novel approach with conventional LIBS methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a silver- and polymer-coated hollow fiber to deliver high-energy nanosecond laser pulses (1064 nm Nd:YAG).
  • Focused laser pulses to generate high-energy-density plasmas in methane-air mixtures.
  • Collected and spectroscopically analyzed plasma emissions for quantitative analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully performed gas-phase LIBS measurements using the fiber-optic spark delivery system.
  • Quantified relative fuel-to-air ratios in ultra-lean methane-air mixtures.
  • Observed similar quantitative results compared to traditional LIBS, but with increased shot-to-shot variability.

Conclusions:

  • Fiber-optic delivery of sparks is a viable method for gas-phase LIBS.
  • This technique enables the analysis of fuel-to-air ratios in challenging mixtures.
  • Further optimization may be needed to reduce variability in fiber-optic LIBS measurements.