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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (EPOCS): A Research Tool and an Emerging Therapy for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders
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Exercise-recruited NK cells display exercise-associated eHSP-70.

Peggy Horn1, Amelia Kalz, Chin Leong Lim

  • 1University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia. peggy.horn@ausport.gov.au

Exercise Immunology Review
|January 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Endurance exercise in heat increases extracellular heat shock proteins (eHSP) in the blood, which bind to NK cells. This confirms eHSP’s role in activating the innate immune system during strenuous activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • Extracellular heat shock proteins (eHSP) are hypothesized to signal danger to the innate immune system.
  • eHSP binding to cells can activate NK cells and monocytes, increasing their cytokine production, proliferation, and cytotoxic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo binding of eHSP to NK lymphocytes in athletes undergoing endurance exercise in a hot environment.
  • To determine the relationship between exercise-induced stress and innate immune system activation.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen male runners performed endurance exercise at 70% VO2max in 35°C heat.
  • Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 1.5 hours post-exercise.
  • Leukocyte distribution, phenotype, plasma eHSP70 concentration (ELISA), and NK cell co-localization with CD94 and eHSP70 were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Exercise induced a reversible leukocytosis, with NK cell count increasing significantly post-exercise.
  • Plasma eHSP concentration rose by 167% immediately after exercise and remained elevated for 1.5 hours.
  • eHSP expression was observed on NK cells and monocytes, with a doubling of eHSP-positive NK cells post-exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise in the heat elevates plasma eHSP concentration.
  • eHSP co-localizes with CD94 on NK cells, supporting its role as a mediator of innate immune activation.
  • These findings confirm a link between strenuous exercise and the activation of the innate immune system via eHSP.