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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Isolation of Blood-vessel-derived Multipotent Precursors from Human Skeletal Muscle

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Published on: August 21, 2014

Small-diameter human vessel wall engineered from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).

Zhaodi Gong¹, Laura E Niklason

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

|January 18, 2008

Summary

Human bone marrow stem cells can be differentiated into smooth muscle cells for engineered blood vessels. Optimizing culture conditions improved the quality of these cell-based vascular grafts, overcoming limitations of using aged human cells.

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Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Published on: May 25, 2012

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Regenerative Medicine
Vascular Biology

Background:

Current engineered small-diameter vessel grafts face challenges in human translation due to species and age-related cell differences.
Elderly human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit reduced proliferation and collagen production, compromising engineered vessel mechanical strength.
Adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are explored as an alternative cell source for vascular tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of hMSCs to differentiate into SMCs for engineered vascular grafts.
To optimize the engineering system for enhanced hMSC proliferation and SMC differentiation.
To evaluate the histological and molecular characteristics of hMSC-derived engineered vessel walls.

Main Methods:

hMSCs were cultured and induced to differentiate into SMCs in both static culture plates and a dynamic bioreactor system.
Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify SMC phenotypic markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin, calponin).
The bioreactor system was optimized by screening various factors and dividing culture into proliferation and differentiation phases.

Main Results:

hMSCs successfully expressed early and mid-SMC markers after 14 days of induction.
Engineered vessel walls were constructed using hMSC-derived SMCs.
Optimized culture conditions, including distinct proliferation and differentiation phases, significantly improved the quality of engineered vessel walls, making them similar to native vessels.

Conclusions:

Adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are a viable alternative cell source for SMCs in vascular engineering.
Optimized culture conditions that promote SMC differentiation and matrix production are crucial for improving the quality of hMSC-derived engineered vascular grafts.
This approach offers a promising strategy for developing functional small-diameter vascular grafts for human applications.