Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Vector Algebra: Method of Components01:08

Vector Algebra: Method of Components

It is cumbersome to find the magnitudes of vectors using the parallelogram rule or using the graphical method to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. There are two ways to circumvent this algebraic complexity. One way is to draw the vectors to scale, as in navigation, and read approximate vector lengths and angles (directions) from the graphs. The other way is to use the method of components.
In many applications, the magnitudes and directions of...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Lagrange Multipliers: Two Constraints01:28

Lagrange Multipliers: Two Constraints

The method of Lagrange multipliers with two constraints is used to optimize a function subject to two independent constraints. In many applications, the objective function represents a quantity to be maximized or minimized, such as cost, area, distance, or energy. The two constraints represent requirements that the solution must satisfy, such as fixed volume, limited resources, or prescribed dimensions.For a function of three variables, each constraint forms a surface in three-dimensional space.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measurement of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and its clinical application in oral cancers.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·1992
Same author

G-protein mediating the slow depolarization induced by FMRFamide in the ganglion cells of Aplysia.

Neuroscience research·1992
Same author

[Measurement of PCNA labeling index in astrocytic tumors].

No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery·1992
Same author

Acute myelocytic leukemia associated with thrombocytosis and inv 3(q21.3; q26.2) in a case of Grönbland-Strandberg syndrome.

Leukemia research·1992
Same author

Protection by chlorpromazine against lethality and renal toxicity of cisplatin in mice.

Experientia·1992
Same author

[A study on urinary free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in patients with idiopathic urinary calcium stone].

Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology·1992
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis
07:11

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis

Published on: August 19, 2021

Constrained nonlinear method for estimating component spectra from multicomponent mixtures.

K Sasaki1, S Kawata, S Minami

  • 1Osaka University, Department of Applied Physics, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan.

Applied Optics
|November 15, 1983
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method using principal component analysis and optimization to estimate pure component spectra from mixtures. It successfully analyzes complex mixtures, providing spectral estimates for qualitative analysis.

More Related Videos

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression
06:50

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Published on: November 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis
07:11

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis

Published on: August 19, 2021

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression
06:50

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Published on: November 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Chemometrics

Background:

  • Analyzing complex mixtures requires accurate identification of individual component spectra.
  • Existing methods may struggle with mixtures containing more than three components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for estimating pure component spectra from mixtures.
  • To enable qualitative analysis of complex mixtures using spectral data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized principal component analysis (PCA).
  • Employed a constrained nonlinear optimization technique.
  • Applied a priori information to refine spectral estimates.

Main Results:

  • Successfully estimated pure component spectra from mixtures with varying concentrations.
  • The method generated two spectral curves (maxima and minima sets) for each component.
  • Demonstrated effectiveness with infrared absorption spectra of xylene-isomer mixtures.

Conclusions:

  • The described method is effective for qualitative analysis of mixtures with over three components.
  • The technique provides robust spectral estimations, even in the presence of noise.
  • This approach advances the field of mixture spectral analysis.