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Genetic aspects in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

O Albayrak¹, S Friedel, B G Schimmelmann

¹Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rheinische Kliniken Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. oezguer.albayrak@uni-due.de

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)

|January 18, 2008

Summary

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder with high heritability. Genetic research highlights the role of neurotransmission pathways in ADHD etiology, reviewing the latest molecular findings.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Genetics

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents.
The disorder exhibits significant heritability, suggesting a strong genetic component.
Existing research implicates neurotransmission pathways, including dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems, in ADHD etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review the latest genetic findings related to Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
To synthesize current knowledge on the genetic underpinnings of ADHD, covering various research methodologies.

Main Methods:

Review of recent molecular genetic studies on ADHD.
Analysis of findings from formal genetic studies, candidate gene studies, and linkage analyses.
Inclusion of recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), gene-environment interaction studies, and pharmacogenetics research.

Main Results:

Molecular genetic research supports the involvement of specific neurotransmission pathways in ADHD.
Diverse genetic research approaches, including GWAS and pharmacogenetics, are contributing to understanding ADHD heritability.
The review consolidates recent advancements in identifying genetic factors contributing to ADHD.

Conclusions:

Genetic factors, particularly involving neurotransmission systems, play a crucial role in the etiology of ADHD.
Continued genetic research is essential for a comprehensive understanding of ADHD.
This review provides an updated overview of the genetics of ADHD for researchers and clinicians.