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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Limbal and bulbar hyperaemia in normal eyes.

Heiko Pult1, Paul J Murphy, Christine Purslow

  • 1Cardiff University, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4LU, UK. ovr@heiko-pult.de

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|January 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study found that limbal and bulbar redness in normal eyes are correlated, with quadrant-average scores offering better inter-observer agreement for grading ocular redness.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Ocular Surface Disease
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Assessing ocular redness is crucial for diagnosing various eye conditions.
  • Standardized grading scales are needed for reliable clinical assessment of limbal and bulbar hyperaemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the appearance and relationship of limbal and bulbar hyperaemia in healthy eyes.
  • To evaluate the inter-observer agreement for clinical grading of ocular redness using established scales.

Main Methods:

  • 120 healthy subjects' eyes were examined by two observers using Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit (CCLRU) redness scales.
  • Limbal and bulbar hyperaemia were scored in four quadrants and overall, with quadrant-average scores calculated.
  • Inter-observer agreement was assessed at the beginning and end of the study.

Main Results:

  • Bulbar redness scores were higher overall than quadrant-average scores (p < 0.0001).
  • Significant correlations were observed between limbal and bulbar redness across quadrants (r >= 0.43, p < 0.0001).
  • Inter-observer agreement was better for quadrant-average scores (0.28) compared to overall scores (0.57).

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal limbal redness may be above 2.5, and bulbar redness above 2.6 (quadrant-average) or 3.0 (overall).
  • Quadrant-average scoring is recommended for improved inter-observer reliability in grading ocular redness.
  • Limbal and bulbar redness are correlated, suggesting a common underlying physiological response.