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Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube through...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding01:26

Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding

Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
Orogastric (OG) and nasogastric (NG) feeding are two standard methods used for enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is often preferred over...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
10:15

Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation

Published on: March 22, 2017

Oesophageal replacement in children.

G S Arul1, D Parikh

  • 1Department of Paediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|January 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oesophageal replacement in children, often for corrosive strictures or atresia, involves various conduits. Long-term follow-up is crucial due to potential complications like strictures and Barrett's oesophagus.

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An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
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Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation

Published on: March 22, 2017

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Tissue-Engineered Graft for Circumferential Esophageal Reconstruction in Rats

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An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Oesophageal replacement in children is typically indicated for intractable corrosive strictures and long-gap oesophageal atresia.
  • Paediatric surgeons aim to preserve the native oesophagus, resorting to conduit creation when dilatations fail.
  • The ideal neo-oesophagus should enable normal feeding, prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, and function lifelong.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss common oesophageal replacement conduits used in pediatric surgery.
  • To analyze the available literature on the outcomes and complications of different oesophageal substitutes.

Main Methods:

  • A Medline search was performed using keywords: oesophageal replacement, oesophageal atresia, gastric transposition, colon transposition, gastric tube, and caustic stricture.
  • Commonly used conduits such as whole stomach, gastric tube, colon, and jejunum were discussed.

Main Results:

  • No randomized controlled trials compare oesophageal conduits in children; technique choice is often based on preference and experience.
  • Long-term outcome data are most robust for gastric transposition and colon replacement.
  • Early complications include graft necrosis, anastomotic leaks, and sepsis. Late complications include strictures, poor feeding, reflux, tortuosity, and Barrett's oesophagus. Larger series report fewer complications, likely due to accumulated experience.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term follow-up is essential for children undergoing oesophageal replacement.
  • Monitoring is necessary due to the risk of late strictures, neo-oesophageal tortuosity, and the development of Barrett's oesophagus.