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Sex differences in response to maximal eccentric exercise.

Kimberly A Sewright1, Monica J Hubal, Amy Kearns

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Totman Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. ksewright@kin.umass.edu

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|January 19, 2008
PubMed
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Women experienced greater immediate strength loss after eccentric exercise compared to men. Men showed higher creatine kinase (CK) levels, indicating sex-specific responses to muscle damage.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Eccentric exercise, characterized by muscle lengthening under tension, can induce significant muscle damage.
  • Understanding sex-specific responses to eccentric exercise is crucial for tailored training and recovery protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in strength loss, muscle soreness, and serum biomarkers (creatine kinase and myoglobin) following high-intensity eccentric exercise.
  • To identify potential sex-specific patterns in the response to eccentric muscle damage.

Main Methods:

  • One hundred participants (58 women, 42 men) completed 50 maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors.
  • Maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle soreness, serum creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) were measured at various time points pre- and post-exercise.

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Main Results:

  • Women exhibited significantly greater relative strength loss immediately after exercise compared to men.
  • Men showed a larger serum creatine kinase (CK) response, with a higher proportion of 'high responders'.
  • No significant sex differences were observed in muscle soreness or myoglobin (Mb) levels.

Conclusions:

  • Women experience greater immediate strength loss and are more prone to high strength loss after eccentric exercise.
  • Men demonstrate elevated serum CK activity, suggesting sex-specific differences in muscle damage and repair responses.
  • The underlying mechanisms for high responders to eccentric exercise warrant further investigation.