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Related Concept Videos

Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
Multi-Step Reactions02:31

Multi-Step Reactions

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
Reaction Mechanisms03:06

Reaction Mechanisms

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

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The reaction between nitrite and oxyhemoglobin: a mechanistic study.

Agnes Keszler1, Barbora Piknova, Alan N Schechter

  • 1Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Nitrite therapy shows promise, but its reaction with oxyhemoglobin is complex. This study refines the reaction mechanism, clarifying the roles of hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen dioxide for better therapeutic application.

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07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Chemical Kinetics

Background:

  • Nitrite (NO2-) is an endogenous nitric oxide source with therapeutic potential.
  • Nitrite reacts with oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb), generating nitrate and methemoglobin (metHb).
  • Previous mechanisms involving radicals, ferryl heme, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and clarify the reaction mechanism between nitrite and oxyhemoglobin.
  • To address the insufficiency of existing models in explaining the observed kinetics.
  • To propose a modified model consistent with experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental kinetic studies of nitrite with oxyhemoglobin.
  • Kinetic simulation and data analysis.
  • Model modification based on experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Existing mechanisms do not fully explain the kinetics of nitrite-oxyHb reaction.
  • A modified model accurately reflects experimental data.
  • Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as an initiator, while nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an autocatalytic propagator.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model provides a more accurate understanding of nitrite-oxyHb reaction kinetics.
  • Decoupling the roles of H2O2 and NO2 is crucial for understanding in vivo nitrite reactivity.
  • This refined mechanism may enhance the therapeutic application of nitrite.