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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:32

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

Positive selection acting on splicing motifs reflects compensatory evolution.

Shengdong Ke1, Xiang H-F Zhang, Lawrence A Chasin

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences Columbia University New York, New York 10027, USA.

Genome Research
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary analysis reveals that splicing regulatory motifs are functional and under selection. Exon evolution involves selection for splicing-positive mutations to counteract negative mutational processes, maintaining exon function.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Splicing regulatory motifs play crucial roles in gene expression.
  • Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of these motifs is key to comprehending exon evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary behavior of predicted splicing regulatory motifs using comparative genomics.
  • To determine if these motifs are under selective pressure and how they contribute to exon evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics was employed to analyze splicing regulatory motifs.
  • Base substitution rates in intronic regions were used as a neutral change calibrator.
  • Analysis focused on synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in exonic and intronic regions.

Main Results:

  • Strong avoidance of substitutions disrupting exonic splicing enhancers or creating silencers, indicating purifying selection.
  • Synonymous substitutions in constitutive exons favor splicing enhancers and disrupt silencers, suggesting positive selection.
  • Evidence supports a splicing compensation model where positive selection counters negative mutational processes to maintain exon function.

Conclusions:

  • Predicted splicing regulatory motifs are functional and subject to evolutionary selection.
  • Exon evolution is driven by a balance of splicing-positive and splicing-negative events, with exons conserved as units of splicing.
  • Synonymous positions in mRNA carry significant functional information beyond protein coding and splicing.