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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
04:01

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: September 15, 2023

Thyroid microcarcinoma during thyroidectomy.

D Siassakos1, S Gourgiotis, P Moustafellos

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Southmead University Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, The United Kingdom.

Singapore Medical Journal
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that thyroid microcarcinomas are low-risk and often incidental, suggesting they may not require routine intervention. Further evaluation is recommended for poorly differentiated or non-incidental tumors.

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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Assessing the prevalence of thyroid microcarcinoma in Greek thyroidectomy specimens.
  • Investigating the role of histopathology in managing patients with thyroid microcarcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of thyroid microcarcinoma in a Greek population.
  • To evaluate the clinical significance and management implications of these findings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 191 thyroidectomy histopathology reports from a Greek hospital (1997-2001).
  • Analysis of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and follow-up data.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of 15.2% for microcarcinoma, higher in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (26.8%) vs. other benign pathology (11.9%).
  • Papillary and follicular types were most common; 27.6% were multifocal.
  • No deaths, recurrences, or metastases observed during the follow-up period.

Conclusions:

  • Incidental thyroid microcarcinomas appear to be low-risk and may not necessitate routine further intervention.
  • Management decisions should consider tumor differentiation and whether the microcarcinoma is incidental or clinically detected.