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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

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Published on: September 14, 2014

Profiling of the CD4 receptor complex proteins.

G I Krotov¹, M P Krutikova, V G Zgoda

¹National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115478, Russia. grkrotov@rambler.ru

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia

|January 22, 2008

Summary

Researchers identified 26 proteins interacting with the CD4 molecule in T-cells using a novel fluorescence immunoprecipitation assay. Key CD4 complex components included CD45, CD71, Lck, and LPAP, crucial for cell signaling.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

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Published on: September 14, 2014

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

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Published on: September 1, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

The CD4 molecule is a critical co-receptor in T-cell activation.
Understanding the CD4 complex composition is vital for elucidating T-cell signaling pathways.
Weak protein-protein interactions within the CD4 complex require gentle lysis techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize the protein constituents of the intermolecular CD4 complex.
To investigate the role of specific proteins in CD4 complex formation and stability.
To compare CD4 complex composition across different cell types.

Main Methods:

Cell lysis using mild nonionic detergent Brij97 to preserve protein interactions.
Fluorescence immunoprecipitation assay coupled with mass spectrometry for protein identification.
Immunoblotting to confirm specific molecular associations within the CD4 complex.

Main Results:

Identification of 26 proteins associated with the CD4 molecule on CEM cells.
Major CD4 complex components include tyrosine phosphatase CD45, transferrin receptor CD71, tyrosine kinase Lck, and LPAP.
CD4 complexes were absent in U937 myeloid cells lacking Lck and LPAP, suggesting their essential role.

Conclusions:

The CD4 complex is a multi-protein assembly involving key signaling molecules and cytoskeletal components.
The presence of Lck and LPAP is essential for CD4 complex formation on T-cells.
Further quantitative characterization of the CD4 complex composition is warranted.