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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are called the...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

The XBabelPhish MAGE-ML and XML translator.

Don Maier1, Farrell Wymore, Gavin Sherlock

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA. dMaier@genome.stanford.edu

BMC Bioinformatics
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We developed XBabelPhish, an XQuery-based tool to translate between different MAGE-ML formats. This technology facilitates the exchange of microarray data by overcoming MAGE-ML size and variability issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Microarray Gene Expression Markup Language (MAGE-ML) is intended as a standard for describing microarray experiments.
  • MAGE-ML files are often too large for easy human or software processing.
  • The MAGE-ML standard allows for multiple representations of the same data, hindering interoperability between different software packages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a technology that can translate between different variants of MAGE-ML.
  • To address the challenges of large file sizes and representational variability in MAGE-ML.

Main Methods:

  • Developed XBabelPhish, an XQuery-based technology.
  • XBabelPhish is designed to handle very large XML files (> 200 Mb).
  • The technology can transform XML files regardless of their Document Type Definition (DTD), XML schema, or semantic content.

Main Results:

  • XBabelPhish enables the inter-translation of MAGE-ML variants.
  • The tool effectively handles large MAGE-ML files, overcoming size limitations.
  • XBabelPhish successfully transforms XML files, including those exceeding the capacity of standard XML tools.

Conclusions:

  • XBabelPhish improves the interchange of microarray experiment information by enabling MAGE-ML variant translation.
  • The technology offers a general solution for transforming large XML files, enhancing data accessibility.