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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...

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Perineal lipoma in a newborn boy--a case report.

European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie·2007
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

[Moderate hypoglycemia in the preterm infant: is it relevant?].

J-L Wayenberg1, A Pardou

  • 1Service de pédiatrie, hôpital français, 180 avenue J.-Goffin, 1082 Brussels, Belgium. kl.wayenberg@hopitalfrancais.be

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|January 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose) in preterm infants may harm brain development. Routine glucose monitoring and intervention below 2.5 mmol/l are recommended to protect infant brain health.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Published on: November 20, 2015

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Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
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Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Glucose monitoring and hypoglycaemia management in preterm infants lack consensus.
  • Animal studies link hypoglycaemia to increased oxidative stress, inhibited cellular maturation, and apoptosis in the brain.
  • Few studies investigate hypoglycaemia's impact on preterm infant brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between hypoglycaemia and neurological development in preterm infants.
  • To emphasize the need for careful glucose management in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing experimental and clinical studies on neonatal hypoglycaemia.
  • Analysis of potential detrimental effects on brain development.

Main Results:

  • Clinical studies suggest repeated mild hypoglycaemia may negatively affect preterm infant brain development.
  • Experimental data indicate significant cellular damage in the brain due to hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions:

  • Both experimental and clinical evidence warrant heightened awareness of hypoglycaemia in preterm infants.
  • Routine blood glucose measurements and intervention below 2.5 mmol/l are crucial for neuroprotection.