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General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Highly Reproducible and Straightforward Method to Perform In Vivo Ocular Enucleation in the Mouse after Eye Opening

A Highly Reproducible and Straightforward Method to Perform In Vivo Ocular Enucleation in the Mouse after Eye Opening

Published on: October 6, 2014

Periocular versus general anesthesia for ocular enucleation.

Kimberly G Yen¹, Victor M Elner, David C Musch

¹Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

|January 23, 2008

Summary

Periocular anesthesia with monitored intravenous sedation for eye enucleation significantly reduces postoperative pain and nausea compared to general anesthesia. This method is also more cost-effective, offering a better patient experience.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Anesthesiology

Background:

Eye enucleation is a surgical procedure requiring anesthesia.
Choosing the appropriate anesthesia impacts patient morbidity and cost.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the morbidity of general anesthesia versus periocular anesthesia with monitored intravenous sedation for eye enucleation.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 39 patients undergoing enucleation.
Patients received either general anesthesia (18) or periocular anesthesia with monitored intravenous sedation (21).

Main Results:

General anesthesia patients had higher rates of postoperative analgesic (94% vs 52%) and antiemetic (56% vs 5%) requirements.
Periocular anesthesia patients reported no negative surgical memories and lower costs.
p = 0.0046 for analgesics, p = 0.0008 for antiemetics.

Conclusions:

Periocular anesthesia with monitored intravenous sedation reduces early postoperative morbidity.
This anesthesia method is more cost-effective than general anesthesia for enucleation.
Consider periocular anesthesia with monitored intravenous sedation as an alternative for eye enucleation.