Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
Published on: November 12, 2014
[Otorhinolaryngologic disorders in association with scuba diving]
A Gonnermann1, J Dreyhaupt, M Praetorius
1Universitäts-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik Heidelberg.
Background:
Due to the increasing number of scuba divers in Germany, the otorhinolaryngologist has to face rising numbers of diving-associated ENT disorders. However, data about the lifetime prevalence of these disorders are insufficient. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ENT disorders in scuba divers correlated with their diving history.
Methods:
The study design was a non-randomized, retrospective, cross-sectional study based on questionnaires. The study population included 429 active divers attending three medical diving symposia.
Results:
The study population consisted of highly experienced divers (mean of logged dives m= 670.0) with a high diving certification level. Otitis externa was the most frequent disorder (43.6%). Barotrauma of the sinuses (10.9%), alternobaric vertigo (9.0%) and barotrauma of the middle ear (8.7%) played an important role as well. In contrast, inner ear barotrauma and decompression illness of the inner ear were less frequent but not rare (1.7 % each).
Conclusion:
A substantial number of scuba divers suffered diving-related ENT disorders.
Related Concept Videos
Other Pulmonary Disorders
Pneumothorax-II
Clinical Manifestations:
Common Respiratory Disorders
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...

