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Updated: Jul 8, 2026
08:06
Murine Model for Parkinson's Disease: from 6-OH Dopamine Lesion to Behavioral Test
Published on: January 15, 2010
[Intermittent apomorphine injections as rescue therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease. Consensus statement]
C Trenkwalder1, S Boesch, A Ceballos-Baumann
1Zentrum für Parkinson-Syndrome und Bewegungsstörungen, Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse 16, 34128, Kassel, Deutschland. CTrenkwalder@gmx.de
Der Nervenarzt
|January 23, 2008
Summary
Intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine therapy offers reliable rescue for advanced Parkinson's disease patients with refractory off periods. This underutilized rescue therapy provides quick symptom reversal when oral treatments fail.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) often presents with recurrent "off" periods, characterized by symptom return despite optimized oral medications.
- These refractory "off" episodes significantly impair motor function and quality of life in PD patients.
Observation:
- Intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine is indicated as a rescue therapy for rapid and reliable reversal of these "off" periods.
- Current utilization of apomorphine injections, particularly with the apomorphine pen, appears suboptimal given its established efficacy and indications.
Findings:
- The consensus statement reviews existing study results, indications, and contraindications for apomorphine therapy.
- It presents concepts and discusses practical approaches for implementing apomorphine as rescue therapy.
Implications:
- Consideration of subcutaneous apomorphine therapy is recommended for patients with advanced PD experiencing refractory "off" episodes.
- Increased awareness and practical guidance may improve the underutilization of this effective rescue treatment for Parkinson's disease.
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