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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Murine Model for Parkinson's Disease: from 6-OH Dopamine Lesion to Behavioral Test
Published on: January 15, 2010
[Intermittent apomorphine injections as rescue therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease. Consensus statement]
C Trenkwalder1, S Boesch, A Ceballos-Baumann
1Zentrum für Parkinson-Syndrome und Bewegungsstörungen, Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse 16, 34128, Kassel, Deutschland. CTrenkwalder@gmx.de
Abstract:
Intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine therapy should be considered in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who experience recurrent off periods despite optimised oral treatment (according to guidelines), for reliable and quick reversal of these otherwise refractory periods. Such treatment is also called rescue therapy. At present, apomorphine injections with the apomorphine pen are underutilised, considering its current indications and contraindications. In the present consensus statement, concepts for the use of apomorphine are presented and discussed based on existing study results, indications, and contraindications. Recommendations for a practical approach are also provided.
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