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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
12:26

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation

Published on: February 12, 2022

Trading translation with RNA-binding proteins.

Irina Abaza1, Fátima Gebauer

  • 1Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Gene Regulation Programme, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|January 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

RNA-binding proteins control RNA metabolism. This review details how these proteins repress translation and how this regulation is reversed.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial regulators of RNA metabolism.
  • They influence processes such as splicing, mRNA transport, stability, and translation.
  • Dysregulation of RBPs is implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying translational repression by RBPs.
  • To provide examples of how RBP-mediated translational repression is reversed.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on RBP function in gene expression regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on RNA-binding proteins and translational control.
  • Analysis of specific examples illustrating mechanisms of translational repression.

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A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA
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A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA

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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
12:26

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation

Published on: February 12, 2022

A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA
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A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA

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11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

  • Examination of studies detailing the reversal of translational repression.

    • Main Results:

    • RBPs employ diverse mechanisms to repress mRNA translation.
    • These mechanisms include blocking ribosome access, inhibiting translation initiation, and promoting premature termination.
    • Reversal of repression often involves changes in RBP activity, localization, or interaction partners.

    Conclusions:

    • RNA-binding proteins play a critical role in fine-tuning gene expression at the translational level.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is key to deciphering cellular responses and disease pathologies.
    • The dynamic regulation and reversal of translational repression highlight the complexity of gene expression control.