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Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

Published on: February 4, 2012

Blood screening for influenza.

Michael Kai Hourfar¹, Anna Themann, Markus Eickmann

¹German Red Cross, Frankfurt, Germany.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

|January 25, 2008

Summary

Screening blood donations for influenza viruses, including avian influenza (H5N1), is feasible. Nucleic acid amplification testing of pooled samples demonstrated the ability to detect these viruses, safeguarding blood supply safety.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

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Published on: February 4, 2012

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Published on: January 30, 2017

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Area of Science:

Virology
Transfusion Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Influenza viruses pose a potential threat to blood safety.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) is a significant concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the feasibility of screening blood donations for influenza viruses.
To evaluate the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification techniques for influenza detection in blood.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 10,272 blood donor samples.
Utilized minipool nucleic acid amplification technique.
Employed generic and H5N1 subtype-specific primers.

Main Results:

Demonstrated analytical sensitivity of 804 geq/mL for generic influenza primers.
Achieved analytical sensitivity of 444 geq/mL for H5N1 subtype-specific primers.
Confirmed the feasibility of screening for influenza viruses in blood donations.

Conclusions:

Nucleic acid amplification testing is a viable method for detecting influenza viruses in blood donor samples.
Screening can enhance the safety of the blood supply against influenza threats.
This approach is crucial for preventing transfusion-transmitted viral infections.