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Related Experiment Videos

A genome-wide screen for noncoding elements important in primate evolution.

Eliot C Bush1, Bruce T Lahn

  • 1Department of Human Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. bush@hmc.edu

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|January 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers developed a new method to find genetic changes in primate evolution. This approach identifies conserved noncoding DNA regions under positive selection, aiding the study of human evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Identifying genetic changes in human evolution is crucial.
  • Noncoding sequences are hypothesized to harbor key evolutionary changes.
  • Comparative genomics can reveal conserved regions with accelerated substitution rates, suggesting positive selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a statistical method for identifying lineage-specific accelerated substitution rates in primate genomes.
  • To investigate genetic changes across various branches of the primate evolutionary tree, not just the human lineage.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a likelihood ratio test to detect accelerated substitution rates.
  • Application of the test across multiple primate lineages.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of identified elements with previous studies.
  • Resequencing of a specific accelerated element in the human lineage.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of conserved regions with accelerated substitution rates in primates.
    • Application of the method to human and other primate lineages revealed top-scoring elements.
    • Resequencing data for a human-lineage accelerated element showed low human polymorphism, consistent with a selective sweep.
    • Observed a distinct AT to GC bias in polymorphism versus substitution for this element.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed screening method is effective for identifying regions of potential adaptive evolution in primates.
    • This approach will aid in understanding the genetic basis of primate evolution, particularly human evolution.