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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Collicular dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Paul G Overton1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TP, UK. p.g.overton@sheffield.ac.uk

Medical Hypotheses
|January 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may stem from a hyper-responsive superior colliculus (SC). Targeting the SC could lead to new, non-addictive ADHD treatments by dampening sensory responses.

More Related Videos

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Current ADHD treatments, like methylphenidate and amphetamines, have abuse potential, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Identifying ADHD's underlying pathophysiology is crucial for developing safer treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the superior colliculus (SC) as a potential locus for ADHD pathophysiology.
  • To explore the hypothesis that SC hyper-responsiveness contributes to ADHD-related distractibility.
  • To assess the SC as a potential therapeutic target for novel ADHD pharmacotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature linking ADHD symptoms to SC function.
  • Examination of evidence for SC involvement in distractibility, saccade inhibition, and attention.
  • Analysis of the SC's neurochemical properties and response to psychostimulants.

Main Results:

  • ADHD patients exhibit increased distractibility and deficits in saccade inhibition, tasks sensitive to SC function.
  • Specific saccadic defects and impaired covert attention shifts in ADHD are associated with the SC.
  • The SC contains the necessary neurochemical machinery and responds to amphetamines, suggesting it may be a target of current ADHD medications.

Conclusions:

  • The superior colliculus (SC) is a potential key player in ADHD pathophysiology, possibly contributing to distractibility.
  • The SC represents a promising therapeutic target for developing novel, non-addictive ADHD medications.
  • Modulating sensory responsiveness in the SC may offer a new avenue for ADHD pharmacotherapy development.