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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant factor...
Self-Regulation01:25

Self-Regulation

Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

Impulsivity is associated with behavioral decision-making deficits.

Ingmar H A Franken1, Jan W van Strien, Ilse Nijs

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Erasmus Affective Neuroscience Lab, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. franken@fsw.eur.nl

Psychiatry Research
|January 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High impulsivity is linked to impaired decision-making, particularly in learning from rewards and punishments. This suggests impulsivity affects the orbitofrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Impaired decision-making is a hallmark of neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Trait impulsivity is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing decision-making processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between trait impulsivity and decision-making performance in healthy individuals.
  • To examine how impulsivity affects tasks involving learning, choice flexibility, and response to changing contingencies.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed decision-making in healthy participants categorized as high or low impulsivity.
  • Utilized behavioral tasks including reversal-learning, Iowa Gambling Task, and Rogers Decision-Making Task.
  • Evaluated performance on tasks with and without learning components and assessed choice flexibility.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with high impulsivity showed overall deficits in decision-making compared to those with low impulsivity.
  • High impulsivity was associated with difficulties in learning reward/punishment associations and adapting choices to changing contingencies.
  • Simple decision-making components without a learning element were less affected by impulsivity.

Conclusions:

  • Trait impulsivity is significantly associated with impaired decision-making abilities.
  • Impulsivity particularly impacts the ability to adjust behavior based on reward feedback and changing environmental conditions.
  • These findings support the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in mediating the relationship between impulsivity and decision-making.