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[Tuberculosis in ancient Egypt].

B Ziskind1, B Halioua

  • 1Cardiologue, membre de la société internationale d'histoire de la médecine, Saint-Gratien, France. ziskindb@yahoo.fr

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|January 25, 2008
PubMed
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Tuberculosis afflicted Ancient Egypt five millennia ago, impacting the Nile Valley population. Molecular biology confirmed tuberculosis in nearly a third of examined Egyptian mummies.

Area of Science:

  • Paleopathology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Ancient Egyptian History

Background:

  • Ancient Egyptian medical papyri describe symptoms consistent with tuberculosis, including cough and spinal deformities.
  • Egyptian physicians recognized clinical expressions of the disease but did not individualize it.
  • Iconography suggests Pott's disease, a form of spinal tuberculosis, was present.

Observation:

  • Paleopathological studies have identified pulmonary and spinal lesions compatible with tuberculosis in ancient remains.
  • Molecular techniques, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), have been instrumental in diagnosing tuberculosis in ancient samples.
  • Spoligotyping has provided insights into the evolutionary history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in ancient populations.

Findings:

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  • Tuberculosis was definitively diagnosed in nearly one-third of recently examined Egyptian mummies.
  • The study confirms tuberculosis as a significant health issue in Ancient Egypt.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been updated based on ancient Egyptian samples.

    • Implications:

    • This research highlights the long history of tuberculosis and its impact on human populations.
    • Advances in molecular biology enable the study of ancient diseases and their origins.
    • Understanding historical disease prevalence contributes to our knowledge of public health in ancient civilizations.