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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...

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Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Gene profiling uncovers retinoid target genes.

Yan Ma1, Qing Feng, Ian Pitha-Rowe

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study explores mRNA expression profiling to identify new cancer drug targets. It highlights how retinoids impact tumor cell differentiation and growth, emphasizing protein stability in cancer therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Traditional hypothesis-driven research has identified cancer therapy targets.
  • Genomic and proteomic approaches now enable comprehensive interrogation of gene expression profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore mRNA expression profiling for uncovering novel cancer drug targets.
  • To understand gene expression networks critical in carcinogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of protein stability in retinoid-mediated cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing mRNA expression profiling to analyze gene expression in normal, preneoplastic, and malignant tissues.
  • Examining retinoid signaling pathways involved in cancer regulation.

Main Results:

  • mRNA expression profiling has successfully identified candidate genes for cancer pharmacology.
  • Retinoids demonstrate significant effects on tumor cell differentiation, apoptosis, and growth suppression.
  • Pathways regulating protein stability are crucial for retinoid efficacy in cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive gene expression profiling is a powerful tool for discovering cancer drug targets.
  • Retinoids offer therapeutic potential through pathways influencing cell fate and stability.
  • Understanding gene networks and protein stability is key to advancing cancer pharmacology.