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Crowding and surround suppression: not to be confused.

Yury Petrov1, Ariella V Popple, Suzanne P McKee

  • 1Psychology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. y.petrov@neu.edu

Journal of Vision
|January 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Crowding and surround suppression are distinct visual phenomena. Crowding shows directional masking effects at fine scales, unlike surround suppression observed at all scales.

Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Crowding and surround suppression are visual phenomena with overlapping characteristics, suggesting a potential common mechanism.
  • Previous research has inconsistently compared these phenomena, leading to debates about their relationship.
  • A 2002 study suggested they are unrelated due to differing effect strengths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare crowding and surround suppression using identical stimuli and tasks.
  • To investigate the role of masking directionality and scale in differentiating these visual processes.
  • To clarify the relationship between crowding and surround suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a Gabor target for both orientation identification (crowding) and contrast detection (surround suppression) tasks.

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  • Investigated the effect of outward versus inward masking on the orientation identification task.
  • Assessed masking effects across different visual scales and target contrasts.

    • Main Results:

    • Orientation identification (crowding) exhibited anisotropic masking, with outward masks being more effective than inward masks.
    • Contrast detection (surround suppression) showed no such anisotropy.
    • Anisotropic masking characteristic of crowding was observed only at fine visual scales, while surround suppression occurred at all scales.

    Conclusions:

    • Crowding and surround suppression are distinct visual phenomena.
    • The characteristic anisotropy of crowding is scale-dependent, differentiating it from surround suppression.
    • A common crowding paradigm varying target contrast may confound crowding with surround suppression, especially at low contrasts.