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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

The role of memory in visually guided reaching.

Anne-Marie Brouwer1, David C Knill

  • 1Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. abrouwer@cvs.rochester.edu

Journal of Vision
|January 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Humans rely on remembered object locations for movement planning, even when the target is visible. Memory

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control
  • Spatial Memory

Background:

  • Humans utilize memorized spatial information for movement guidance in the absence of visual cues.
  • Memorized location information can be subject to imprecision and inaccuracies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which humans integrate remembered object location with peripheral visual information during reaching movements.
  • To determine how visual target contrast influences the reliance on remembered versus visual spatial information.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed reaching movements to virtual targets, with occasional unperceived perturbations to the target's position.
  • Movement trajectories were analyzed to assess the influence of both remembered and visible target locations.

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  • Target contrast was manipulated to evaluate its effect on the weighting of spatial information sources.

    • Main Results:

    • Reaching movements were biased towards the remembered target location, even when the target was visible peripherally.
    • Movement planning initially involved a weighted combination of visual and remembered target positions (approximately 67% visual, 33% memory).
    • Reduced target contrast significantly increased the reliance on remembered location information.

    Conclusions:

    • Humans integrate remembered and visual spatial information for goal-directed movements, even when visual information is available.
    • The brain dynamically adjusts the weighting of memory and visual input during movement execution.
    • Contrary to prior assumptions, human spatial memory for absolute locations appears to be relatively accurate.