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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception
07:42

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

Published on: March 3, 2018

Neck muscle vibration in full cues affects pointing.

Sarah McIntyre1, Tatjana Seizova-Cajic

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. sarahmc@psych.usyd.edu.au

Journal of Vision
|January 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neck proprioception influences visual perception and motor actions. Neck vibration caused a significant pointing bias, demonstrating its role in guiding actions even with full visual cues.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Perception
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Neck proprioception normally active during head movement can induce visual illusions.
  • Spatial constancy theory suggests head movement information is crucial for accurate visual object localization.
  • Previous studies lacked evidence for vibration's effect on pointing in structured visual fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if neck proprioceptive signals affect pointing accuracy in a structured visual environment.
  • To provide evidence for the role of neck proprioception in egocentric localization for motor actions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (N=11) pointed at visual targets with an unseen hand.
  • Vibration was applied to the dorsolateral neck for 12 seconds on either side.

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Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects
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Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Published on: September 1, 2016

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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  • Pointing responses were measured in an illuminated, structured visual field.
  • Main Results:

    • Vibration of the right neck induced a significant 26-mm lateral pointing bias compared to left neck vibration.
    • The pointing bias occurred alongside reported visual target stationariness.
    • This suggests a conflict between body-centric position cues (neck proprioception) and motion perception cues.

    Conclusions:

    • Neck proprioceptive signals influence motor actions even with complete visual cues.
    • The mechanism integrating neck proprioception operates in full cue environments.
    • A conflict between proprioceptive and visual motion cues may underlie the observed pointing bias.