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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
10:10

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

IL-23 and IL-17 in tuberculosis.

Shabaana A Khader1, Andrea M Cooper

  • 1Trudeau Institute, Inc., 154 Algonquin Ave., Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA.

Cytokine
|January 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis control requires T helper 1 (Th1) cells, but T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for vaccine-induced immunity. Understanding Th1 and Th17 cell interactions is key to managing tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) necessitates sustained cellular immunity for bacterial control, leading to chronic inflammation.
  • IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells are vital for limiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth but also drive inflammation.
  • Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells are induced during Mtb infection and contribute to inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct and overlapping roles of Th1 and Th17 cells in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • To elucidate the regulatory interactions between Th1 and Th17 cells during both primary infection and vaccination against Mtb.
  • To determine the impact of Th1 and Th17 cell deficiencies on protection against mycobacterial infections.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
10:10

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T helper cell subset responses (Th1 and Th17) following Mtb infection in vivo.
  • Assessment of the role of IL-23 in the induction and function of Th17 cells during Mtb infection.
  • Evaluation of protective immunity in mouse models with genetic deficiencies in Th1 or Th17 cell populations, both after primary infection and vaccination.

Main Results:

  • While Th1 cells are essential for controlling Mtb during primary infection, Th17 cells are not.
  • In vaccinated animals, the absence of memory Th17 cells abrogates the accelerated Th1 response and protection.
  • Cross-regulation between Th1 and Th17 responses was observed during mycobacterial infection.

Conclusions:

  • Th1 and Th17 cells play distinct roles in Mtb immunity, with Th1 critical for primary control and Th17 important for vaccine-induced memory and protection.
  • The interplay between Th1 and Th17 cells is crucial for effective immune responses and may influence immunopathology in tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases.