Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

[Specific course of neurocirculatory dystonia in pregnancy]

V I Makolkin, O V Kozinova, A I Ishchenko

    Terapevticheskii Arkhiv
    |January 29, 2008
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia10:05

    Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

    Published on: January 27, 2018

    Related Concept Videos

    Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

    Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

    Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
    Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

    Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

    Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
    The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
    Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

    Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

    Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
    Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

    Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

    Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
    Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

    Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

    Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
    Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
    Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

    Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

    Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...