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Related Concept Videos

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant, half-life,...
Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration01:18

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration

The two-compartment model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration illustrates drug distribution in the body, subdividing it into central and peripheral compartments. This model operates on the concept of two-compartment kinetics. The drug's plasma concentration shows a bi-exponential decline following IV bolus administration, signaling the presence of two disposition processes: distribution and elimination.
The disparity between drug input and the sum of drug transfer rates between...
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance00:56

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance

Clearance is a key pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the volume of body fluid from which a drug is entirely removed within a specific time frame. It is crucial in assessing how a drug is eliminated from the body and has critical clinical applications.
In the one-compartment open model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, clearance is estimated by dividing the elimination rate by the plasma drug concentration. This equation leverages the elimination rate constant and the apparent...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection00:59

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection

In pharmacokinetics, the elimination rate of a drug following a capacity-limited model is primarily controlled by two parameters: Vmax and KM. These parameters are crucial in how the drug behaves inside the body after administration.
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Excessive Basal Insulin Dosage When Following the Accepted Titration Method.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2021
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Mean basal insulin dose is 0.2 U/kg/d at near normal glycaemia for type 1 or 2 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or once-nightly basal insulin.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2020
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A Fixed Ratio Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide (IDegLira) Reduces Glycemic Fluctuation and Brings More Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Within Blood Glucose Target Ranges.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2017
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A Review of Insulin-Dosing Formulas for Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

Current diabetes reports·2016
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PATIENTS ACHIEVING GOOD GLYCEMIC CONTROL (HBA1c <7%) EXPERIENCE A LOWER RATE OF HYPOGLYCEMIA WITH INSULIN DEGLUDEC THAN WITH INSULIN GLARGINE: A META-ANALYSIS OF PHASE 3A TRIALS.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2015
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Misled by the Morning "Fasting" Plasma Glucose.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Basal bolus dosing: a clinical experience.

Allen B King1, Dana U Armstrong

  • 1Diabetes Care Center, Salinas, California, USA. aking@diabetescarecenter.com

Current Diabetes Reviews
|January 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Basal bolus insulin dosing (BBD) mimics natural insulin release for better blood sugar control. Continuous glucose monitoring enhances BBD by providing detailed data for precise insulin dose adjustments.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Basal bolus insulin dosing (BBD) aims to replicate physiological insulin secretion.
  • Normal insulin release involves continuous basal and biphasic bolus patterns.
  • Maintaining euglycemia requires suppressing hepatic glucose production and facilitating glucose uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the principles and methods of basal bolus insulin dosing.
  • To highlight advancements in insulin formulations and delivery systems.
  • To emphasize the role of glucose monitoring in optimizing insulin therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Physiological replacement of basal and bolus insulin.
  • Utilizing newer subcutaneous insulin formulations.

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A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration
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A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration
11:16

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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  • Employing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps with advanced features like dual wave delivery.
  • A three-step insulin dosing process: initial estimation, pre-dosing adjustments based on sensitivity, and post-dosage adjustments using blood glucose monitoring.
  • Leveraging continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems for intensive glucose evaluations and dosage refinement.

    • Main Results:

    • Newer insulins and insulin pump features improve glycemic control.
    • A structured, three-step dosing approach aids in achieving target glycemia.
    • Continuous glucose monitoring systems offer significant advantages for insulin dose adjustments.
    • Intensive daily glucose monitoring with CGM can further optimize insulin dosing selection.

    Conclusions:

    • Basal bolus insulin dosing, enhanced by modern technologies, can achieve near-normal glycemia.
    • Continuous glucose monitoring is a valuable tool for refining insulin therapy.
    • Optimized insulin dosing improves quality of life by minimizing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.