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Related Concept Videos

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However, frequent irregular...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection01:29

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection

Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
Head and Neck

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
10:05

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine

Published on: July 7, 2016

Methods for identifying cardiovascular agents: a review.

David Anthony Tulis1

  • 1Cardiovascular Disease Research Program, J.L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA. dtulis@nccu.edu

Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery
|January 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details novel screening methods for identifying cardiovascular drugs that protect heart and blood vessels. These assays target vascular smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell functions, aiding cardiovascular disease treatment.

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Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
10:05

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine

Published on: July 7, 2016

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular pharmacology and drug discovery.
  • Vascular cell biology and disease mechanisms.
  • Estrogen signaling in vascular health.

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases necessitate novel therapeutic agents targeting cardiac and vascular tissues.
  • Existing drug discovery approaches require refined methods for identifying effective cardiovascular protective compounds.
  • Understanding vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and vascular endothelial cell (VEC) responses is crucial for developing treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review function-based screening methods for identifying cardiovascular agents.
  • To highlight assays that modulate VSMC and VEC activation and proliferation.
  • To discuss the role of estrogen signaling in cardiovascular protection.

Main Methods:

  • Synopsis of screening assays described in "Methods for identifying cardiovascular agents [1]."
  • Focus on methods identifying agents that inhibit or enhance VSMC and VEC activity.
  • Inclusion of assays assessing activation of estrogen-responsive genes in vascular cells.

Main Results:

  • Identification of screening methods for cardiovascular agents.
  • Demonstration of assays targeting VSMC and VEC proliferation and activation.
  • Exploration of estrogen-related pathways for vascular protection.

Conclusions:

  • The reviewed screening methods are valuable for basic science and clinical cardiovascular drug discovery.
  • These assays facilitate the identification of agents with potential therapeutic utility for cardiovascular disorders.
  • Targeting VSMC/VEC function and estrogen signaling offers promising avenues for cardiovascular protection.