Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...

Management of Insomnia

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes After Aortic Valve Neocuspidization: Insights from a Large Multicentre Cohort.

Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery·2026

Same author

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Structural Valve Deterioration After Aortic Valve Neocuspidization.

Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions·2025

Same author

[Embolization Using a Debranched Left Common Carotid Artery Stump for Gutter Endoleak After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair with the Double-debranching and Chimney Technique].

Kyobu geka. The Japanese journal of thoracic surgery·2023

Same author

Reader Response: Benefits and Risks of Epilepsy Surgery in Patients With Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type 2 in the Central Region.

Neurology·2023

Same author

A New Case With Cortical Malformation Caused by Biallelic Variants in <i>LAMC3</i>.

Neurology. Genetics·2022

Same author

Reader Response: Long-term Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Subjective Cognitive Decline in US Men and Women.

Neurology·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: October 20, 2023

Zolpidem therapy for movement disorders.

¹Konan Women's University, Department of Nursing and Rehabilitation, 6-2-23 Morikita-cho, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe 658-0001, Japan. abeneuro@konan-wu.ac.jp

Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery

|January 29, 2008

Summary

Zolpidem may treat movement disorders by targeting the BZ1 receptor in the basal ganglia. This review explores its potential for Parkinson

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pharmacology

Background:

Zolpidem selectively targets the benzodiazepine subtype receptor BZ1.
The BZ1 receptor is densely located in basal ganglia output structures.
Basal ganglia dysfunction is implicated in various movement disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the effects of zolpidem on movement disorders.
To explore the potential therapeutic mechanisms of zolpidem in neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on zolpidem and movement disorders.
Analysis of zolpidem's interaction with BZ1 receptors and basal ganglia pathways.

Main Results:

Zolpidem shows potential for treating neurological symptoms in Parkinsonian diseases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: October 20, 2023

Effects of zolpidem were reviewed for Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and dystonia.

Conclusions:

Zolpidem's selective BZ1 receptor agonism suggests therapeutic potential for movement disorders.
Further research into zolpidem's mechanism in the basal ganglia is warranted for neurological applications.