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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Frequency discrimination in children: perception, learning and attention.

David R Moore1, Melanie A Ferguson, Lorna F Halliday

  • 1MRC Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. davem@ihr.mrc.ac.uk

Hearing Research
|January 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

In children, poor listening skills are often due to inattention, not just sensory immaturity. This study found that attentional factors significantly impact auditory frequency discrimination performance in children.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception
  • Child development
  • Cognitive psychology

Background:

  • Children's listening difficulties are commonly attributed to sensory immaturity and inattention.
  • The precise roles and interplay of these factors remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contributions of sensory immaturity and inattention to children's auditory frequency discrimination (FD).
  • To explore modality-specific attention and the impact of training environments.

Main Methods:

  • Examined auditory frequency discrimination thresholds and response variability in children aged 6-11 years.
  • Compared auditory FD with visual spatial FD performance.
  • Assessed the effects of classroom versus laboratory training environments.

Main Results:

  • Younger children exhibited higher thresholds and greater variability, linked to poor sustained attention.
  • No correlation between auditory and visual FD suggested modality-specific attention.
  • Classroom training yielded lower thresholds than laboratory settings, possibly due to environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated auditory frequency discrimination thresholds in children are primarily linked to inattention rather than sensory immaturity.
  • Attentional deficits, particularly in sustained attention, play a crucial role in auditory processing.
  • Environmental factors in training can influence performance.