Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026
Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches
Published on: October 27, 2013
Actinomyces--gathering evidence of human colonization and infection
1Anaerobe Reference Unit, NPHS Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK. val.hall@nphs.wales.nhs.uk
Abstract:
The roles of the 'classical'Actinomyces spp. as colonizers of oral cavities of man and animals, in development of intra-oral infections and as agents of actinomycosis have been well documented. This mini-review focuses on perceptions of human colonization and infection that have emerged in the past decade, largely as a result of advances in classification, identification and direct detection from clinical material. Arguably, of the greatest importance is the recognition of actinomycosis as a major factor and indicator of poor prognosis in both infected osteoradionecrosis and bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Among recently described species, Actinomyces graevenitzii has been isolated almost exclusively from oral and respiratory sites and may be a causative agent of actinomycosis. Conversely, several other Actinomyces spp. are isolated commonly from superficial soft tissue infections. Members of the genus Actinobaculum, which is closely related to Actinomyces, are strongly associated with urosepsis. Isolation and identification of Actinomyces and related genera by conventional methods remain difficult. Diagnosis is commonly belated and based solely upon histological findings. Development of direct detection methods may aid patient management and further elucidate clinical associations.
Insights
Actinomyces bacteria are common oral colonizers, but recent advances highlight their role in serious infections like osteonecrosis. New detection methods are crucial for better patient outcomes and understanding these infections.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Oral Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Actinomyces spp. are well-documented oral cavity colonizers involved in infections and actinomycosis.
- Recent decades have seen advances in classification, identification, and direct detection of Actinomyces.
- Actinomycosis is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in poor prognosis for osteonecrosis of the jaws.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding human Actinomyces colonization and infection.
- To highlight the significance of actinomycosis in osteonecrosis of the jaws.
- To discuss challenges in Actinomyces identification and the potential of direct detection methods.
Main Methods:
- Mini-review of literature focusing on the past decade.
- Analysis of emerging data on Actinomyces classification and detection.
- Discussion of clinical associations and diagnostic challenges.
Main Results:
- Actinomycosis is a key indicator of poor prognosis in osteoradionecrosis and bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws.
- Actinomyces graevenitzii is implicated in actinomycosis, primarily from oral and respiratory sites.
- Actinobaculum spp. are associated with urosepsis, while other Actinomyces spp. cause soft tissue infections.
Conclusions:
- Conventional methods for Actinomyces isolation and identification remain challenging, often leading to delayed diagnosis.
- Direct detection methods hold promise for improved patient management and understanding of clinical associations.
- Further research into Actinomyces and related genera is needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient care.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Colonisation of Pathogens
01:22Introduction to the Human Microbiota