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Cartesian echo planar hybrid scanning with two to eight echoes.

G Kashmar¹, O Nalcioglu

¹Dept. of Radiol. Sci., California Univ., CA.

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

|January 1, 1991

Summary

This study introduces a novel fast nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging method using square gradient waves. The technique optimizes data collection for rapid, high-quality anatomical imaging, achieving scan times as fast as 1.9 seconds.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Biophysics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

Fast imaging techniques are crucial for reducing motion artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Existing methods like blipped echo planar imaging (BEPI) have limitations in data collection strategies.
Optimizing gradient waveforms and data acquisition is key to improving MRI speed and quality.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and analyze a novel fast NMR imaging method using square gradient waves.
To evaluate the method's effectiveness in overcoming B(0) inhomogeneity and gradient distortion.
To demonstrate the application of the technique for rapid anatomical imaging.

Main Methods:

Utilized square wave gradient shapes for data acquisition on Cartesian coordinates, similar to BEPI.

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Employed a heuristic approach to optimize the data collection strategy.

Incorporated half Fourier method with full Fourier phase map correction to address phase discrepancies.

Integrated GRASS/FLASH spoiling techniques for multiecho speed enhancement.

Main Results:

Successfully eliminated interecho phase-angle discrepancies caused by B(0) inhomogeneity and gradient distortion.
Achieved significant speed increases for scans under 10 seconds using multiecho capabilities.
Demonstrated the method's applicability to GRASS/FLASH sequences, including a two-echo GRASS scan.
Produced clinical-size anatomical images (head and body) with a fastest scan time of 1.9 seconds.

Conclusions:

The described fast NMR imaging method offers an effective strategy for rapid anatomical imaging.
The technique successfully mitigates common artifacts, improving image quality.
The integration with GRASS/FLASH and multiecho capabilities allows for substantial reductions in scan time.