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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Pd-catalyzed aryl amination mediated by well defined, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-Pd precatalysts, PEPPSI
Michael G Organ1, Mirvat Abdel-Hadi, Stephanie Avola
1Chemistry Department, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada. organ@yorku.ca
Abstract:
Pd-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination protocols mediated by Pd-PEPPSI precatalysts is described. These protocols provide access to a range of hindered and functionalized drug-like aryl amines in high yield with both electron-deficient and electron-rich aryl- and heteroaryl chlorides and bromides. Variations in solvent polarity, base and temperature are tolerated, enhancing the scope and utility of this protocol. A mechanistic rationalization for base strength (pKb) requirements is also provided.
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