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Related Experiment Videos

Hepatitis delta virus heterogeneity: a study by immunofluorescence.

F Negro1, D Pacchioni, G Bussolati

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy.

Journal of Hepatology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis delta virus antigen (HDAg) distribution within the nucleus of infected liver cells does not correlate with disease stage. Different viral life cycle phases appear simultaneously in liver samples.

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Quantification of serum markers of hepatitis B (HBV) and Delta virus (HDV) infections in patients with chronic HDV infection.

Journal of viral hepatitis·2018

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection involves two forms of the HDV-associated antigen (HDAg): p24 and p27.
  • In vitro studies suggest p24 localizes to the nucleolus and p27 to the nucleoplasm.
  • The temporal expression of these HDAg forms may contribute to HDV-induced liver damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo intranuclear distribution patterns of HDAg in human liver biopsies during natural HDV infection.
  • To determine if HDAg localization correlates with specific phases of HDV infection or cytopathological changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 12 formalin-fixed human liver biopsies from different stages of HDV infection.
  • Direct immunofluorescence assay using anti-HDAg IgG to detect p24 and p27.

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  • Hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess cytopathological features in HDAg-positive cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Intranuclear HDAg was detected in all biopsies, exhibiting three main fluorescence patterns: nucleolar/weak nucleoplasmic, homogeneous nucleoplasmic, or diffuse nuclear.
    • Pattern 1 (nucleolar) was consistently present, while Pattern 2 (nucleoplasmic) was most common in non-nucleolar regions.
    • No association was found between HDAg distribution patterns and cytoplasmic eosinophilia.
    • Pattern 3 (diffuse nuclear) was observed in degenerated hepatocytes, which were often HDV-negative.

    Conclusions:

    • The intranuclear distribution of HDAg in vivo does not correlate with distinct phases of HDV infection.
    • Liver samples likely contain asynchronously represented stages of the viral life cycle.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise role of HDAg localization in HDV pathogenesis.