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Phospholipid biosynthesis in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane during development.

M G Sarzale, M Pilarska

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |July 20, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sarcoplasmic reticulum synthesizes phospholipids, similar to endoplasmic reticulum. Enzyme activities involved in phospholipid biosynthesis change significantly during muscle development, with specific enzymes peaking at different postnatal stages.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Muscle Physiology

    Background:

    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is primarily known for calcium ion (Ca2+) transport and storage in muscle cells.
    • The SR membrane is also a site for phospholipid biosynthesis, utilizing pathways similar to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine within the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
    • To analyze the developmental changes in enzyme activities crucial for phospholipid biosynthesis during muscle maturation.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated phospholipid synthesis pathways in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.
    • Analyzed the activity of key enzymes including glycerolphosphate acyltransferase(s), lysolecithin acyltransferase, cholinephosphotransferase, and ethanolaminephosphotransferase.

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  • Examined the acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphate and lysophosphatidylcholine using different fatty acids and cofactors.

    • Main Results:

    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum exhibits phospholipid synthesis capabilities comparable to other tissues' endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Specific activities of glycerolphosphate acyltransferase(s) and lysolecithin acyltransferase increase during postnatal development, peaking at specific time points before declining to adult levels.
    • Cholinephosphotransferase activity decreases during early embryonic development and then increases postnatally, while ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity shows a continuous age-dependent decrease.
    • Linoleate is preferentially esterified to sn-glycero-3-phosphate over palmitate, particularly during the postnatal period.

    Conclusions:

    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a dual role, functioning in both calcium homeostasis and phospholipid synthesis.
    • The developmental trajectory of phospholipid biosynthesis enzymes in SR reflects the dynamic changes occurring during muscle maturation.
    • Specific fatty acid preferences, like linoleate esterification, highlight distinct regulatory mechanisms during muscle development.