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Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation
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Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of 4-trifluoromethylimidazole derivatives with the concept of

Mariko Ishihara1, Masami Kawase, Hiroshi Sakagami

  • 1Division of Basic Chemistry, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan. mariko@dent.meikai.ac.jp

Anticancer Research
|January 30, 2008
PubMed

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Intermolecular forces dictate several physical properties such as boiling points, melting points, solubilities, and so forth. They are classified into four types: ionic forces, hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipole forces, and dispersion forces. Ionic forces are the strongest, while dispersion forces are the weakest.
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Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
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Relative Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Carboxylic acid derivatives such as acid halides, anhydrides, esters, and amides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions with varying degrees of reactivity.
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Halide ions < Acyloxy ions < Alkoxy ions < Amine ions